This report presents healthcare as a complex system of systems—a network of interdependent components including water, energy, waste, digital and transport services, all susceptible to climate-related hazards. This interconnectedness makes health infrastructure especially vulnerable to climate change, as disruptions in one area can trigger cascading effects across the entire system. By mapping these interdependencies, this report identifies targeted adaptation strategies to prevent such chain reactions and ensure the continuous delivery of healthcare services.

The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) supported the African Development Bank’s preparation of the second phase of the Namibia Water Sector Infrastructure Support Program (NWSISPII). The program aims to strengthen water security in Namibia by upgrading, expanding, rehabilitating, and developing climate-resilient water supply infrastructure to improve access, quality, and sustainability of water and sanitation services, while supporting more effective management of water facilities. 

The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) provided technical assistance to the World Bank Group which is supervising the Government of Kenya’s implementation of the Kenya Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program (K-WASH). The program aims to expand sustainable access to climate-resilient water and sanitation services, eliminate open defecation, and improve the financial performance of Water Service Providers across 19 counties, including refugee-hosting counties. GCA’s support focused on strengthening climate resilience in county water sector planning, investment prioritization, and capacity building.