This report presents healthcare as a complex system of systems—a network of interdependent components including water, energy, waste, digital and transport services, all susceptible to climate-related hazards. This interconnectedness makes health infrastructure especially vulnerable to climate change, as disruptions in one area can trigger cascading effects across the entire system. By mapping these interdependencies, this report identifies targeted adaptation strategies to prevent such chain reactions and ensure the continuous delivery of healthcare services.

The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) supported the World Bank in the preparation and implementation of the N’Djamena Urban Resilience Project, with the goal of reducing flood risk and strengthening climate resilient urban planning and selected flood-related services in N’Djamena.  

The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) supported the World Bank in the preparation and implementation of multiple investment projects throughout the Congo River Basin. The World Bank projects across the basin region share common objectives aimed at enhancing urban resilience to climate-related hazards, such as floods and erosion, while improving access to basic urban infrastructure and services. Key components in these projects focus on climate-resilient urban infrastructure development, capacity building, and contingency emergency response.  

The Climate Hazard Assessment for The Gambia Technical Report provides an evidence-based overview of current and future climate hazards affecting critical infrastructure, with a focus on the transport sector. The analysis highlights that flooding, rising extreme temperatures, and increasing drought risk are the most significant threats to mobility, connectivity, and water availability.

The Water Resources Climate Risk Assessment for The Gambia Technical Report analyses current and future pressures on freshwater availability and quality, identifying priority climate risks and adaptation options for the sector. The assessment shows that saltwater intrusion, groundwater depletion, and rising demand driven by population and industrial growth are key challenges, particularly in the Greater Banjul Area and along the Gambia River.

The Climate Risk Assessment for the Transport Sector in The Gambia Technical Report evaluates how current and future climate hazards affect the national transport network and identifies priority adaptation responses. The assessment shows that flooding and rising extreme temperatures pose the most significant risks, with a large share of road infrastructure already exposed to shallow flood events that can disrupt access to markets, schools, and health services.

Under the adaptation finance pillar of the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program (AAAP) — a joint initiative between the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) — GCA began engaging private sector financial institutions to de-risk lending portfolios, build institutional capacity, and identify market-ready adaptation investment opportunities aligned with national and sectoral resilience priorities.

Led by Bangladesh’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEFCC), this assessment brings together expertise via the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) and the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), with technical analyses undertaken by the University of Oxford and the Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), and support from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management of the Netherlands. The aim of this assessment is to quantify the impact of climate hazards on the provision of infrastructure services and the achievement of the country’s development objectives under current and projected climate scenarios.

This guideline is prepared by the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA), in collaboration with the World Bank and the Kenya State Department of Housing and Urban Development to support the implementation of the Second Kenya Urban Support Program (KUSP-II).